Why do people of the United States, Britain, France, and so came flocking to the beaches of Kuta and Sanur beach in Bali? Is not in their own country there are many beaches that might be the landscape more beautiful than the sight of Kuta and Sanur beach in Bali? If we examine more deeply, it turns out that it is their goal, the foreign tourists it is like to see the famous exotic Balinese culture and unique, distinct from the culture of their society. When the Balinese culture does not offer these people, maybe there will be no attraction for tourists to visit.
It's actually a concrete illustration of the concept of cultural tourism is the term often mentioned by policy makers (government) and academics, but often difficult to explain in conceptual operational definitions, particularly in agreeing the concept of culture itself.
In the realm of anthropology Indonesia, in the perspective of classical culture never defined by Koentjaraningrat as a whole system of ideas, actions, and the work of humans in the context of a society that's self-made man who gained by means of learning. In that sense, culture includes everything that is the overall result of creativity, initiative, and the man's work, including objects of creativity / human creation. But in a more contemporary anthropological perspective, culture is defined as a system of symbols and meaning in a human society in which there are norms and values about social relationships and behaviors that become the identity of the people concerned.
Thus, cultural tourism is a type of tourism based on the mosaic of places, traditions, art, ceremonies, and the experience of portraying a nation / tribe with its people, who reflect the diversity (diversity) and identity (character) of the community or nation concerned . Garrison Keillor, in 1995 in a speech at the White House Conference on Travel & Tourism in the United States, has defined cultural tourism in the United States as well by saying, "We need to think about cultural tourism Because really there is no other kind of tourism. It's what tourism is ... People do not come to America for our airports, people do not come to America for our hotels, or the recreation facilities .... They come for our culture: high culture, low culture, middle culture , right, left, real or imagined - They come here to see America. "
Indonesia is a country rich with natural resources and abundant cultural resources. Our nation is a versatile multi-nation, be it a multi-Insular, multicultural, multilingual, and multi-religious. All of which if managed properly can be used as the potential for the prosperity of the people and advancing our nation.
Unfortunately, in the discourse of cultural tourism at the national level, which is often used as a reference and an example is tourism in Bali. As if only the areas of Bali that can only be promoted cultural tourism to attract visiting tourists and foreign good. No one was when we boast of the success of Bali as a world tourism destination which has resulted in foreign exchange contribution to the country in large numbers. But if we are stuck just rely on one area of Bali alone, then the advancement of tourism Indonesia will experience a very high dependence on the area. This is evident, when in the Bali bombing tragedy that was detonated by the terrorists, the foreign exchange earnings in tourism of our country to be dropped.
Advancement of cultural tourism in Bali is very ironic to the conditions of cultural tourism in other areas of Indonesia. In Subang, West Java, for example, ten years ago, her teenage children are still many who are interested to learn dance jaipong, sisingaan, and a puppeteer puppet show. Almost every week, and the rituals of life are always invited to the stage as a vibrant entertainment culture. Currently, when the technology is getting advanced, ironically regional cultures are increasingly lost in the community, even can only be watched on television and Taman Mini. Whereas cultures that area, if managed properly can be a cultural tourism in addition to generating revenue for both national and local governments, can also be a promising area of work for the surrounding community.
Cultural TourismThere are actually many ways to promote tourism of our country. Indeed, to promote cultural tourism is not only government's duty but also our society. But of course the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, and Tourism Department in all regions in Indonesia, as a government agency in charge of promoting culture and tourism of Indonesia, has a greater responsibility. First, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism according to function only as a formulator of policy, must be bold and decisive to determine the concept, vision, mission and culture of Indonesian tourism. The courage to agree on the concept of tourism and culture should also be done because the academic world will never be agreed upon two concepts that are always caused by a dialectic between the findings and thoughts with each other intellectuals.
Secondly, in accordance with the spirit of regional autonomy, which handed the task of development of culture and tourism to the Department of Tourism in each region, the Tourism Department should really catch the delegation of duties and authority as an opportunity to improve the communities in the region. For example, with a rich culture that we have, then in any county or city Department of Tourism at least be able to establish a center or centers of cultural tourism which displays the diversity of cultures in each region. Concrete form is the establishment of the sort of Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (Taman Mini) in each region concerned.
Third, tourism and cultural observers it was time for more priority to studies and research that recommends how to promote culture and tourism of Indonesia compared to studies and research that always gives constructive criticism, not necessarily on policy development and cultural tourism, which often actually cause fear at the agency governments to take policy.
Fourth, community participation in the construction of cultural centers in each region must take precedence. For example, cultural groups and arts to be staged should take turns and not monopolized by certain groups of art. In addition, members of surrounding communities also have preferred to be recruited to manage cultural centers concerned with education and training provided in advance.
When the development of cultural tourism can be done with directional and continuous in all regions in Indonesia, the preservation of culture, innovation and cultural creativity, intercultural harmony, employment, income to local income and foreign exchange is an important contribution that can be given by the field of cultural tourism Indonesia for a better civilization in the future .***
The writer is the observer Culture and Tourism, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Republic of Indonesia
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